Maths Physics 
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Ray Diagrams
The red rays are VIRTUAL
rays and are the real rays
extended backwards
An inverted, diminished,
real Image is produced
An inverted, magnified,
real image is produced
The next section deals with reflection
In curved mirrors
In Fig 2 the
object is
between F and
2F. The image
Is further
away,
Enlarged,
inverted
and real
A further ray can be drawn passing though  the focal point on the object side of the lens.
This ray passes through the lens and leaves on a path parallel to the principle axis. If the
drawing is accurate this ray should meet the other two rays at the point of intersection.
 
It is possible to predict the size and position of of an
image in a convex lens by constructing  an accurate ray
diagram
In Fig 1 the object is at 2F. The image is at 2F on the
other side,same size as the image, inverted, same distance
away and real.
Play the diagrams
Fig. 1
A ray from the top
of the object drawn
parallel to the
principle axis (centre
line) goes through the
lens and through the
focal point on the
other side of the lens.
Another ray can be
drawn straight  
through the centre of
the lens. Where the
two rays meet is the
position of the image
Fig. 2
In Fig.3 the
object is beyond
2F. The image is
nearer,diminished,
inverted and real
Fig 3
In Fig 4 the 
image is between
F and the lens. 
This time the rays 
will not meet 
behind the lens so
they have to be 
extended back in
front of the lens
(same side as the 
object). They meet 
and produce a
magnified, upright,
virtual image.
Fig4
A real image is on the opposite side of the lens to the object
and can be projected onto a screen and is formed by real
rays
A virtual image is on the same side as the object and cannot
be projected. Virtual images are formed by virtual rays
Concave mirror